Mapping and Testing Social Enterprise Models Across the World: Evidence from the “International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Project

The relevance of an international typology of SE models, as proposed by Defourny and Nyssens (2017) is tested through an Hierarchical Cluster Analysis of a database covering 740 social enterprises in 43 countries from all world regions. Three of the four proposed SE models find a strong empirical support: the "Entrepreneurial Nonprofit", the "Social Cooperative" and the "Social Business" modelsInternational Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Projec